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Using a VPN is a terrific way to shield your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get beyond the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a back door or comparable hack is different, it will become a target, a decoration for the poor guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

Each of the products in this roundup explicitly say they have no back door, and that is as it should be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to maintain a document key you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel these options.

One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. The other creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all the files you put into it are completely inaccessible. .

Like the digital drive solution, a few products save your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a far bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial offered by each of those products to have a sense check this of the different options.

After you copy a file into secure storage, or create an encrypted version of it, then you definitely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event that you bypass the Recycle Bin, because the information still exists on disk, and data retrieval utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products prevent this issue by encrypting the document in place, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It's more common, however, to provide Continue secure deletion as an option. If you choose something that lacks this feature, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval functions because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known data and reading around the borders of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, using the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all the products gathered here service AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption specialist, you may prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, enroll it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The more other is personal, and should be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create a digital signature which shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The fact that your public key decrypts it is all the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a document with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.