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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a rear door to get past the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI needed to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a rear door or comparable hack is different, it becomes a goal, a prize for the bad guys. It will leak sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

All of the products in this roundup explicitly say that they have no rear door, and that is as it ought to be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to keep a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel with these options.

One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. Another creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, each of the documents you put into it's entirely inaccessible. .

Like the virtual drive solution, a few goods save your encrypted data in the cloud. This approach demands extreme care, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a much bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial offered by each of these products to have a feel for the different options.

Once you copy a document into secure storage, or create an encrypted version of it, you absolutely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event that you skip the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disc, and data recovery utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products avoid this problem by encrypting the document in place, literally overwriting it on disk using an encrypted version. It is more common, however, to provide secure deletion as an option. If you select something that lacks this attribute, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval works because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known data and reading around the edges of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, using the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one the products accumulated here service AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. Another is personal, and should be closely guarded. If I want to send my link you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can make an electronic signature which proves your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The fact that your public key decrypts it is all the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a file with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.